Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases in South Tangerang: A Literature Review

Abstract

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental and public health issues in urban areas. Various studies have shown that short and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and gaseous pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) contribute significantly to the increased incidence of respiratory diseases, including acute respiratory infections, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This article presents a comprehensive literature review to examine the relationship between air pollution and respiratory diseases, as well as its impact on public health in South Tangerang City.
The evaluation results indicate that air pollution plays a role in the occurrence of acute respiratory infections, asthma, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through oxidative stress, long-term inflammation, and immune system disorders. Data from local and regional levels show that PM2.5 levels in South Tangerang frequently exceed WHO recommended limits, particularly during certain periods, increasing the potential for respiratory health problems among urban residents. These findings emphasize the importance of integrated, evidence-based efforts to control air pollution to protect public health and support sustainable urban development.