Pulmonary Function Characteristics and Asthma Control Profiles Among Adult Asthma Patients at A Referral Hospital In Indonesia:  A Retrospective Study

Susanthy  Djajalaksana; Andriana Adolf Nggay; Abdul Malik  Fajri; Fahnida  Nazliah; Rahma  Djamaludin; Aditya Sri  Listyoko

doi:10.36497/respirsci.v6i2.228

Authors

Susanthy Djajalaksana Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang
Andriana Adolf Nggay Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
Abdul Malik Fajri Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang
Fahnida Nazliah Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang
Rahma Djamaludin Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang
Aditya Sri Listyoko Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36497/respirsci.v6i2.228

Keywords:

asthma, asthma control, FEV1/FVC, pulmonary function test, spirometry

Abstract

Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic airway disease characterized by variable respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. In secondary healthcare settings, objective assessment using spirometry is often underutilized, and discrepancies between symptom-based assessment and lung function may occur. This study aimed to describe the demographic, clinical, and pulmonary function characteristics of asthma patients and to examine their relationship with asthma control at Lawang Hospital.

Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study included asthma patients who underwent spirometry at the Pulmonology Outpatient Clinic of Lawang Hospital between 2022 and 2023. Medical record data included demographics, smoking history, comorbidities, atopic history, asthma symptoms, asthma control assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria, spirometric parameters, and prescribed therapies. Pulmonary function patterns were classified as obstructive, restrictive, mixed, or normal. Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests, meanwhile correlations between ACT scores and spirometric values were assessed using Spearman’s correlation.

Results: Among 173 patients, most had a history of atopy (70.52%) and no family history of atopy (60.12%). Good asthma control based on ACT was observed in 72.83%, whereas only 1.16% were well-controlled according to GINA criteria. Most were partially controlled (89.60%) and had at least one asthma-related risk factor (78.03%). Pulmonary function patterns were obstructive (39.31%), restrictive (20.23%), mixed (27.17%), and normal (13.29%). No significant associations were found between patient characteristics and asthma control (P>0.05). Only the FEV₁/FVC ratio showed a weak but significant correlation with ACT scores (P=0.012).

Conclusion: Asthma patients demonstrated diverse pulmonary abnormalities with limited correlation between symptoms and spirometry. Routine spirometry remains important to complement clinical assessment.